Most authorizations and approvals for exploration and production activities granted under the Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act (COGOA) require that an environmental assessment be completed prior to issuance. The NEB works with its regulatory partners in preparing environmental assessments for proposed oil and gas projects. Where the proposed project is located determines which process is used in conducting the assessment.
Proposed projects in the Northwest Territories, outside of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, are subject to environmental assessment or preliminary screenings pursuant to the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act. The Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board conducts assessments in areas without settlement agreements (the Deh Cho, Akaitcho and South Slave) and for proposed projects crossing boundaries of settlement areas. The Gwich'in Land and Water Board, Sahtu Land and Water Board and Wek'eezhii Land and Water Board conduct preliminary screenings in their respected land claim areas.
The Nunavut Impact Review Board conducts environmental assessments for proposed projects in Nunavut Settlement Area. Projects in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, including the Beaufort Sea undergo a Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEA Act) assessment, as well as an assessment pursuant to the Inuvialuit Final Agreement through the Environmental Impact Screening Committee or the Environmental Impact Review Board.
Proposed projects in the offshore of British Columbia, Hudson and James Bay, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the western part of the Bay of Fundy and the Davis Strait undergo an environmental assessment pursuant to the CEA Act.
Upon completion of the environmental assessment, proposed projects also undergo an environmental technical review along with other technical reviews depending on the type of program including reviews from safety, engineering, and geoscience disciplines' in the COGOA process.